Potential answers for "Stripped and stained, maybe"

⭐⭐⭐⭐ RESTORED
⭐⭐⭐ THONG
⭐⭐⭐ CREDO
⭐⭐⭐ SAINT
⭐⭐ STARKNAKED
⭐⭐ DYED
⭐⭐ GLASS
⭐⭐ BLOTTED
⭐⭐ SOILED

What is this page?

Need help with another clue?
Try your search in the crossword dictionary!


People who searched for this clue also searched for:
Dylan's "___ Lonesome Hobo"   It has several functions   Like 1990's NATO expansion