Potential answers for "Removed abruptly"

⭐⭐⭐⭐ AXED
⭐⭐⭐⭐ YANKED
⭐ PURIFIED
⭐ GHOST
⭐ JILT
⭐ CORED
⭐ PARED
⭐ OLDER
⭐ SNIP

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